Total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a retrospective study of 5 years

Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecological surgeries performed around the world. This study was done to review the data of all patients who underwent TLH. With this study a uniform method of performing TLH by a single surgeon was assessed.Methods: A 5 years retrospective study was performed at Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Medical Sciences and Hospital Dharwad, Karnataka India. Demographic data, pre-operative findings, indication for surgery, intra-operative and post-operative complications, duration of surgery were recorded and analyzed.Results: A total of 118 women were included in the study. Mean age of the patients wasMost common indication for the surgery was leiomyoma. Mean operating time was 162.18 minutes. Mean weight of the post-operative specimen was 208.45 grams. Intra-operative urinary bladder injury was seen in 1 patient. Conversion to laparotomy was needed in 2 patients.Conclusions: With improving experience TLH can be performed safely without complications. As number of surgeries done increases duration of TLH reduces. TLH can be effectively used to avoid laparotomy.

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy: an experience at a tertiary care hospital

Background: This study is aimed to review indications, demographic data of patients, clinical outcomes and safety of total laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of total 150 patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) from 1st June 2017 to 30th November 2018 in GMERS Civil Hospital Sola.Results: ~45% patients were between 40-50 years age group; 60% patients had 2 or more deliveries; commonest indication was symptomatic adenomyosis ; uterine size in ~57% of patients were up to 6 weeks; duration of surgery in ~91% of patients <120 minutes; intraoperative blood loss in all cases <200ml; no intra-operative and postoperative complications were encountered.Conclusions: TLH is safe procedure with minimal blood loss, minimal postoperative pain and discomfort and shorter duration of hospital stay when performed via expert hands.

Assessment of the learning curve: total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus total abdominal hysterectomy

Background: Abdominal hysterectomy is the most frequented way of hysterectomy in the world; today we have a lot of techniques for hysterectomy. Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) versus Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) needs experience an assessment of the learning curve. Objective of the study was to determine the feasibility and safety of TLH and TAH.Methods: Total 100 women were taken for study. Operating time, estimated blood loss, operating complication and length of stay in hospital were noted for each patient. The success rates of TLH were more compared to TAH. The operating time estimated blood loss, conversion to laparotomy was directly proportional to size of uterus.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding age, body mass index (BMI), specimen weight, pre-operative hemoglobin (Hb) value and rates of the complications. The mean post-operative Hb value was significantly higher in group TLH than group TAH (11.3±0.7 gr/dl versus 10.6±1.6, p = 0.03). The mean time of operation was significantly longer in TLH than group TAH (105.4±22.9 minutes versus 74±18, p<0.001). The mean duration of hospital stay was statistically shorter in TLH compared to the TAH (2.47±0.5 days versus 4.86±1.1, p<0.001).Conclusions: Advantage of TLH over TAH are less blood loss, fewer wound infection and fever, smaller incisions, with less pain, shorter hospitalization time, speedier recovery.

TLH versus TAH: a 2 year retrospective comparative study

Background: Laparoscopic hysterectomy has become a widely accepted technique worldwide, since its introduction by Reich in 1989. The aim of the study was to compare the surgical results and intra- operative and post-operative complications between total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH).Methods: Authors conducted a retrospective study at SMGS hospital, GMC Jammu between October 2016 to September 2018, 126 patients who underwent TLH and 126 patients who underwent TAH, were included.Results: Authors observed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in respect to patient’s age, parity and indication of surgery. Duration of surgery was found to be longer in TLH than TAH. The length of hospital stay was less in TLH than TAH. Hb drop was more in TAH group. 25 patients of TAH were given post op blood transfusion but only 9 patients of TLH were given post op blood transfusion. The time to ambulation in patients of TLH was much shorter than TAH. Wound infection was more common in TAH as compared to TLH, 5 patients had wound infection and in 4 patients resuturing was done for wound dehiscence. In 8 patients laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy because of adhesions, vascular injury and in one case because of bowel injury.Conclusions: This study showed that TLH can be safely performed by the experienced surgeon as an alternative to abdominal hysterectomy. It offers several benefits over TAH such as smaller incision, earlier ambulation, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery time and does not increase more serious complications than TAH.

Estrógeno tópico vaginal y dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal en pacientes con histerectomía total laparoscópica / Topical vaginal estrogen and vaginal vault dehiscence in patients rather than a laparoscopic total hysterectomy

Resumen OBJETIVO: Comparar la frecuencia de dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal en pacientes tratadas con y sin estrógenos equinos conjugados por vía vaginal antes de la histerectomía total laparoscópica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico controlado, comparativo, ciego simple, efectuado en pacientes atendidas entre enero de 2013 y agosto de 2016 en el Hospital Civil de Culiacán con indicación de histerectomía total laparoscópica por enfermedad benigna. Criterios de inclusión: haber recibido durante tres semanas previas al procedimiento estrógenos equinos conjugados por vía vaginal (grupo de estudio) o crema lubricante vaginal como placebo (grupo control). Criterios de exclusión: pacientes con diabetes mellitus tratadas con esteroides y antecedente de un evento tromboembólico reciente. Se evaluó la frecuencia de dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal a los 7 y 30 días posteriores a la cirugía. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para comparar medias y la χ2 para la comparación de proporciones, con cálculo de riesgo relativo para evaluar el riesgo de dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 236 pacientes con edad promedio, en ambos grupos, de 47.1 y 47.7 años, respectivamente (p > .05). Los antecedentes ginecoobstétricos y las indicaciones para histerectomía fueron similares en ambos grupos (p = .340). La incidencia total de dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal fue de 4.6% (n = 11/236) con frecuencia de 6.8% (n = 8/118) en las pacientes del grupo tratado con lubricante vaginal y de 2.5% (n = 3/118) en el grupo tratado con estrógenos equinos conjugados por vía vaginal, sin diferencias entre ambos grupos (p = .123; RR=.359; IC95%: .093-1.387). CONCLUSIONES: El riesgo de dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal fue similar entre el grupo que recibió lubricante y el de estrógenos tópicos vaginales, pero con una tendencia menor en la frecuencia de dehiscencia de la cúpula vaginal en el grupo tratado con estrógenos tópicos.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of vaginal cuff dehiscence in patients managed with and without conjugated equine estrogens vaginally prior to total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-blind controlled clinical trial, 236 patients with indications for laparoscopic total hysterectomy for benign pathology at the Hospital Civil de Culiacán and who agreed to participate in the study were randomly assigned to receive vaginally conjugated equine estrogens (study group) or vaginal lubricating cream as a placebo (control group) for 3 weeks prior to the procedure. Patients with diabetes mellitus, treated with steroids and history of a recent thromboembolic event were excluded. The frequency of vaginal cuff dehiscence was evaluated at 7 and 30 days after surgery. The student's t-test was used to compare means and the Chi-square test was used to compare proportions, with relative risk (RR) calculation to evaluate the risk of vaginal cuff dehiscence. RESULTS: We studied 236 patients with average age, in both groups, 47.1 and 47.7 years, respectively (p > .05). The mean age of the patients was similar between the groups (47.1 vs 47.7 years, p>.05). The gynecological-obstetric history and indications for hysterectomy were similar between both groups (p = .340). The incidence of vaginal cuff dehiscence was 2.5% (n = 3) in the group treated with conjugated equine estrogens vaginally and 6.8% (n = 8) in the patients of thse group treated with vaginal lubricant (p= .123; RM= .359; IC95%: .093-1.387). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of presenting vaginal cuff dehiscence was similar between the group of lubricant and topical vaginal estrogens, but with a lower tendency in the frequency of vaginal cuff dehiscence in the group of topical estrogens.

Total laparoscopic versus hysterectomy

Background: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is now emerging as a safe procedure even in patients suitable for vaginal hysterectomy (VH) due to its advantages like better visualisation, less post-operative pain and shorter hospital stay. This study was conducted to compare between laparoscopic hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy in females with benign disorders. Materials and methods: This was retrospective study conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Laxmi Narasimha Hospital, Warangal. The patients who were indicated for vaginal hysterectomy or total laparoscopic hysterectomy were included. This study was conducted during the period of July 2015 to October 2016. Forty eight patients were included in the TLH group who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy and forty three patients were included in the VH group who underwent vaginal hysterectomy. Results: Operation time was higher in TLH group which was 112.56 hours when compared to VH group which was 101.42 hours (p<0.001). Hospital stay was more in VH group which was 5.77 days when compared to TLH group which was 4.05 days (p<0.001). Analgesia dosage was higher in VH group which was 1.64 when compared to that in TLH group which was 1.28 (p<0.001). The rate of complications in both the groups was found to be non-significant statistically. One woman who was undergoing VH had bladder injury which was recognised intraoperatively and treated and another one had vault hematoma in post-operative period which was also managed. In one case of VH, conversion to laparotomy was done due to difficulty but all cases were posted for TLH. Conclusion: Compared to Vaginal hysterectomy, total laparoscopic hysterectomy was more advantageous as it showed lesser hospital stay and lesser analgesia dose.

Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy - A Retrospective Observational Study in a Teaching Hospital.

Background: Hysterectomy is a frequently performed operation for the benign conditions of uterus, but the route of hysterectomy is always a matter of discussion .Laparoscopic hysterectomy has been criticised many a time regarding its complication and duration of surgery. But availability of newer machines and techniques has popularised it recently. Most of the studies regarding this have been done by the single surgeon with expert hand .This study has been conducted in a university teaching hospital where there are many surgeons with different expertise along with the beginners. Methods: It is a retrospective observational study conducted in IMS and SUM hospital Bhubaneswar which is an university teaching hospital.286 Total laparoscopic hysterectomy patients between July 2014 to June 2015 were analysed regarding the demography, indication of operation ,duration of operation, intra operative blood loss and perioperative complication along with duration of hospital stay. Result: Major indication of surgery was fibroid uterus accounting for 40.20% followed by AUB 28.32%. Mean time of surgery in TLH is 2.34±0.67hrs and average blood loss is 150.9±58.8ml. 4.54% cases had major intra operative complications; minor post operative complications were in 14.68% cases. The conversion to laparotomy rate was 1.39% and 0.68% cases had urinary tract injury. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.58± 1.98days. Conclusion: TLH is a safe procedure with minimal blood loss and shorter duration of hospital stay with surgical expertise .we can never ignore the machine behind the man.

Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Versus Total Abdominal Hysterectomy:a Retrospective Comparison of Clinical Effects and Sexual Functions / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate two different hysterectomy ( total abdominal hysterectomy and total laparoscopic hysterectomy ) on short-term efficacy and influence on sexual functions . Methods The retrospective records of 100 cases of total laparoscopic hysterectomy ( TLH) and 100 cases of total abdominal hysterectomy ( TAH) from January 2009 to December 2012 were reviewed.The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and sexual satisfaction at 12 months postoperatively were compared between the two groups . Results The operation time was longer in the TLH Group than that in the TAH Group [(128 ±11) min vs.(87 ±33) min, t=-11.787, P=0.000].The intraoperative blood loss was less in the TLH Group than that in the TAH Group [(108 ±37) ml vs.(155 ±28) ml, t=-10.129, P=0.000].The hospital stay was shorter in the TLH Group than that in the TAH Group [(5.5 ±1.9) d vs.(8.2 ±1.6) d, t =-10.870, P =0.000].There were no significant differences between the two groups in sexual frequency (Z=-1.300, P=0.193), libido (Z=-0.564, P=0.573), achievement of orgasm (Z =-1.591, P=0.112), sexual intercourse disorder (Z =-0.478, P =0.633), and the overall satisfaction (Z=-0.083, P=0.934).Extent of dyspareunia was worse in the TLH Group than in the TAH Group (Z=-3.752, P=0.000). Conclusions TLH has less blood loss and shorter hospitalization time than TAH .Hysterectomy has a certain influence on sex functions .Differences in the sexual satisfaction are not statistically significant between the two procedures .

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus vaginal hysterectomy at the University Hospital of the West Indies: a 5-year retrospective study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), a relatively new procedure, with vaginal hysterectomy (VH), a wellestablished procedure, in a university teaching hospital. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent TLH at the University Hospital of the West Indies between January 2007 and December 2011 was conducted. Chart review was also conducted of a group of patients who underwent VH during this time period. The groups were compared with respect to demographic data and intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Statistical analysis was undertaken using the SPSS software, version 12.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL). The Student unpaired ttest was used to analyse continuous variables, and the Chi-square test and Fisher exact test for categorical variables, when appropriate. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Ten patients underwent TLH, and were compared with 22 women who underwent VH. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in uterine weight, estimated blood loss, postoperative analgesic requirement, or length of hospitalization. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy took significantly longer to perform (209.9 vs 145.6 minutes, p = 0.004). One patient in the TLH group had to be brought back to the operating theatre after three months because of bowel prolapse secondary to vault dehiscence. With the exception of one case of bladder injury in the VH group, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of intraoperative and postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy, notwithstanding its learning curve, is as safe as VH. However, TLH was associated with a significantly longer operative time.

Complicaciones en 748 histerectomías por laparoscopia utilizando un manipulador uterino con resaltador vaginal / Complications in 748 laparoscopic hysterectomies using an uterine manipulator with vaginal highlighter

Introducción: la histerectomía laparoscópica (HL) requiere utilizar un dispositivo que permite una sección segura de la cúpula vaginal. El autor desarrolló un manipulador uterino con resaltador vaginal (M-R) para este paso. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las complicaciones asociadas a la utilización del M-R en diez años de uso. Materiales y métodos: se presenta una cohorte de mujeres sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica en quienes se utilizó el manipulador uterino con resaltador vaginal (M-R) entre diciembre 7 de 1999 y junio 21 de 2011. El criterio de inclusión fue indicación de histerectomía por patología benigna. Se excluyeron aquellas con indicación de histerectomía vaginal, sospecha de adherencias intraabdominales o úteros excesivamente grandes. Se evaluó la edad, la paridad, el antecedente de cesáreas o laparotomías previas, el tiempo quirúrgico, el peso de la pieza quirúrgica, las complicaciones intra o posoperatorias y la evolución durante un seguimiento mínimo de 30 días posteriores a la cirugía. Resultados: en el periodo de observación se operaron 854 pacientes. En 106 pacientes el seguimiento posoperatorio fue menor a un mes. Los datos presentados corresponden a 748 pacientes. La edad promedio de las pacientes fue de 44 años (± 6,6). Las principales indicaciones de HL fueron miomatosis y adenomiosis uterina. Tiempo quirúrgico promedio: 90 min (± 17,7). Peso uterino promedio: 205 g (± 88,3). Se presentaron complicaciones en 41 pacientes (5,6%), de las cuales seis (0,8%) fueron complicaciones mayores: tres lesiones vesicales (0,4%), una lesión ureteral (0,13%), una paciente (0,13%) requirió laparoscopia operatoria por sangrado posquirúrgico, y una paciente (0,13%) laparotomía exploratoria por dolor abdominal. La tasa de conversión a laparotomía fue de 2%.Conclusión: con el uso del M-R se presentaron tasas de complicaciones similares a las reportadas por otros autores.

Introduction: Laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH) involves using a device which permits safe section of the vaginal dome. The present author has developed an uterine manipulator with vaginal highlighter (UM-VH) for this step. The present work has been aimed at presenting complications associated with using the UM-VH which have arisen during 10 years’ use.Materials and methods: This study involved a cohort of women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy using a UM-VH between December 7th 1999 and June 21st 2011. Inclusion criteria consisted of an indication of hysterectomy due to benign pathology. Females were excluded who had an indication of vaginal hysterectomy or where there was suspicion of excesively large uterine or intra-abdominal adherences. Age, parity, a background of prior caesarean sections or laparotomy, time spent in surgery, the weight of the surgically-excised piece and intra- or post-operatory complications were evaluated and evolution was followed-up for at least 30 days after surgery. Results: 854 patients were operated on during the observation period. Post-operatory follow-up was less than a month for 106 patients; the data presented here deals with the remaining 748 patients. The patients’ average age was 44 years (± 6.6); uterine myomatosis and adenomyosis were the main indications for LH. Average time spent in surgery was 90 minutes (± 17.7). Average uterine weight was 205 grams (± 88.3). Complications occurred in 41 patients (5.6%), six of which were serious complications (0.8%): three vesical lesions (0.4%), a urethral lesion (0.13%), one (0.13%) patient required operative laparoscopy due to bleeding after surgery and one (0.13%) patient underwent exploratory laparotomy because of abdominal pain. There was a 2% conversion to laparotomy rate.Conclusion: Using UM-VH has led to similar complication rates to those reported by other authors.

Vaginal vault evisceration after total laparoscopic hysterectomy / 대한산부인과내시경학회지

OBJECTIVE: Fourteen cases of vaginal vault evisceration after total laparoscopic hysterectomy were presented. We review pertinent literature, discuss precipitating causes, clinical manifestations, and management that was performed. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 14 women with vaginal vault evisceration after total laparoscopic hysterectectom between March 2000 and October 2012 at 4 hospitals of CHA University. RESULTS: Between March 2000 and March 2006, 1,887 women underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy and 12 vaginal vault eviscerations (0.6%) were presented. Thereafter, only two new cases were presented. The precipitating event was coitus in nine cases (64%), sit-ups in two cases (14%), spontaneous (urine ascites), lymphatic ascites, and unknown in one case (7%) each. Prolapsed organs were small bowels, omentum, and salpinx. Common presenting symptoms were pain, bleeding, watery discharge, and protruded mass (bowels). Eleven women underwent transvaginal repair (79%) - two laparotomic (14%) and one laparoscopic (7%), and none have exhibited sequelae. CONCLUSION: Coitus was the triggering event in most cases. For vaginal vault evisceration following total laparoscopic hysterectomy, vaginal repair should be first considered.

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy versus da Vinci robotic hysterectomy: is using the robot beneficial? / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of total laparoscopic to robotic approach for hysterectomy and all indicated procedures after controlling for surgeon and other confounding factors. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of all consecutive cases of total laparoscopic and da Vinci robotic hysterectomies between August 2007 and July 2009 by two gynecologic oncology surgeons. Our primary outcome measure was operative procedure time. Secondary measures included complications, conversion to laparotomy, estimated blood loss and length of hospital stay. A mixed model with a random intercept was applied to control for surgeon and other confounders. Wilcoxon rank-sum, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The 124 patients included in the study consisted of 77 total laparoscopic hysterectomies and 47 robotic hysterectomies. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics, indications for surgery and additional procedures performed. The difference between the mean operative procedure time for the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group (111.4 minutes) and the robotic hysterectomy group (150.8 minutes) was statistically significant (p=0.0001) despite the fact that the specimens obtained in the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group were significantly larger (125 g vs. 94 g, p=0.002). The robotic hysterectomy group had statistically less estimated blood loss than the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group (131.5 mL vs. 207.7 mL, p=0.0105) however no patients required a blood transfusion in either group. Both groups had a comparable rate of conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative complications, and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy can be performed safely and in less operative time compared to robotic hysterectomy when performed by trained surgeons.

Asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y los resultados perioperatorios y posoperatorios en pacientes sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica total: Medellín (Colombia) 2002-2008 / The association between body mass index and perioperative and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy: Medellin, Colombia 2002-2008

Objetivos: evaluar la posible asociación entre el mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) y los resultados peri y posoperatorios en pacientes a las que se les realizó histerectomía laparoscópica total (HLT). Metodología: cohorte histórica de pacientes a quienes se les practicó HLT en un período de 5 años en un centro de referencia para endoscopia ginecológica. Fueron incluidas todas las pacientes con HLT y con la información completa. Las pacientes fueron divididas en tres grupos según su masa corporal: IMC menor de 24,9 kg/m2, normal (n = 339); IMC entre 25-29,9 kg/m2, sobrepeso (n = 243) e IMC mayor de 30 kg/m2, obesidad (n = 94). Se compararon el tiempo quirúrgico, las complicaciones, la pérdida sanguínea, la necesidad de transfusión, la tasa de laparoconversión y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria. Los tres grupos se contrastaron por medio de la prueba ANOVA. Resultados: 676 pacientes cumplieron los requisitos para el estudio. No hubo diferencias significativas en cuanto a la pérdida sanguínea, el tiempo quirúrgico, la estancia hospitalaria, la tasa de complicaciones o de laparoconversión. Conclusión: no se encontró asociación entre el índice de masa corporal y malos resultados peri y posoperatorios.

Objectives: evaluating the possible association between body mass index (BMI) and peri-and post-operative results in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Methodology: a historical cohort of patients was taken over a 5-year period; they had undergone TLH in a referral centre for gynaecological laparoscopy. All patients who had undergone TLH and about whom complete information was available were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to body mass as follows: BMI below 24.9 kg/m2: “normal” (n = 339), BMI 25 -29.9 kg/m2: “overweight” (n = 243) and BMI greater than 30 kg/m2: “obese” (n = 94). Surgical time, complications, blood loss, transfusion requirement, laparoconversion rate and length of hospital stay were compared. ANOVA was used for comparing the three groups. Results: 676 patients met the study requirements. No significant differences regarding blood loss, operating time, hospital stay, complication rate or laparoconversion were found. Conclusion: no association was found between BMI and poor results during peri-and postoperative periods.

Learning curves of total laparoscopic hysterectomies in three gynecologists / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) is becoming more commonly used as an alternative to traditional abdominal hysterectomy and Analyzing the turning point of a learning curve can be useful in planning training programs. This study was to define the average turning point of a learning curve of TLH by comparing three separate gynecologists in one institute. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the first 140 consecutive cases of TLH performed by three separate gynecologists A, B, and C. Patients of each gynecologist were divided into 7 equal groups of 20 operations classed chronologically. Patient's age, uterus weight, operation time and pre-post operative hemoglobin difference of the three gynecologists were compared. Operation time and pre-post operative hemoglobin difference were evaluated to build learning curves for each gynecologist. RESULTS: Learning curve built by operation time showed turning point after 80~100 cases in all three gynecologists. Learning curve built by pre-post operative hemoglobin difference did not show a decreasing pattern. There were no statistical differences in patient's age and pre-post operative hemoglobin difference between the three gynecologists. However, mean uterine weight of gynecologist C was significantly lighter than that of gynecologist A and B. Operation time was significantly longer in cases by gynecologist C than in cases by A and B. CONCLUSION: At least 80~100 cases of experience in TLH is needed for a gynecologist to reach the turning point of the learning curve. This result can be used as a guide to the training program of TLH.

Comparison of morbidity by uterine weight in total laparoscopic hysterectomy / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of uterine weight on short-term outcome of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for benign gynecological conditions. METHODS: A retrospective medical records review of 265 cases of patients with TLH was performed. Patients included in this study underwent TLH as benign uterine disorders at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hostpital, Hallym University from January 2008 through June 2009. These patients were stratified into three groups; Group 1 patients with uterus weighing less than 180 g (n=60), Group2 patients with uterus weighing 180 g to 350 g (n=141), Group 3 patients with uterus weighing more than 350 g (n=64). The groups were compared as regard postoperative stay, operative time, estimated blood loss, hemoglobin change, conversion to open surgery, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in age, gravidity, body mass index, previous pelvic surgery and past medical history. The overall complication rates were not significantly different. But operative time prolonged as uterine weight increased. CONCLUSION: The TLH can be performed successfully in case of enlarged uterus. Therefore the enlarged uterus is not an absolute contraindication for TLH.

Evaluación de la función sexual en mujeres sometidas a histerectomía total y supracervical por vía laparoscópica / Evaluation of sexual function in women undergoing total and supracervical laparoscopic hysterectomy

Objetivo: Determinar si la histerectomía total o supracervical laparoscópica tiene repercusión en la función sexual de la mujer y cuál de estas técnicas quirúrgicas se debe emplear para preservar la función sexual, evaluando si las alteraciones en dicha función se comportan como variables independientes al procedimiento quirúrgico. Método: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, prospectivo y analítico en pacientes del servicio de ginecología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, para evaluar la función sexual de pacientes que fueron sometidas a histerectomía laparoscópica por patología benigna. La evaluación de la función sexual se realizó de forma preoperatoria y seis meses después del evento. Se utilizó dos instrumentos para evaluar la función sexual de las pacientes: la historia clínica codificada femenina y el índice de función sexual femenina. Resultados: No hubo diferencia significativa en la función sexual de las mujeres antes y después de la histerectomía (z= -1,603; p>0,109). No hubo diferencia significativa entre las mujeres con y sin disfunción sexual en relación con la edad, escolaridad, inicio de actividad coital, temores hacia la sexualidad y experiencias sexuales traumáticas en la infancia. Conclusiones: La función sexual de las mujeres antes y después de la histerectomía no se ve afectada por la histerectomía total laparoscópica ó la histerectomía subtotal laparoscópica.

Objective: To determine whether total or supracervical laparoscopic hysterectomy has an impact on female sexual function and which of these surgical techniques should be used to preserve sexual function, evaluating whether the alterations in the function behave as independent variables to surgical procedure. Method: We conducted a longitudinal study, prospective and analytical at the National Institute of Perinatology in assessing sexual function of patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease, assessment of sexual function was conducted preoperatively and six months after the event. Two instruments for assessing sexual function of patients was used: medical history and the female sexual functionindex. Results: In applying the test of Wilcoxon signed ranks two related samples, no significant difference in sexual function in women before and after hysterectomy (z = -1.603; p>0.109). By applying the statistical test of Chi2 to see if there was a difference between women with and without sexual dysfunction in relation to other variables such as age, education, initiation of coital activity, fears about sexuality, traumatic sexual experiences in childhood, no significant differences were found. Conclusions: Sexual function in women before and after hysterectomy is not affected significantly. The result of the hysterectomy is independent of the type of surgery (total laparoscopic hysterectomy or supracervical laparoscopic hysterectomy).

Histerectomía laparoscópica total en la unidad de endoscopia ginecológica de la Clínica del Prado, Medellín (Colombia) 2002 - 2008 / Total laparoscopic hysterectomy at the Clínica del Prado’s Gynaecological Endoscopy Unit in Medellín, Colombia 2002 - 2008

Objetivo: describir la experiencia en la práctica de Histerectomía Laparoscópica Total (HLT) con énfasis en las complicaciones presentadas. Metodología: el presente es un estudio de cohorte histórica en el cual se incluyeron las pacientes que fueron intervenidas entre diciembre de 2002 y abril de 2008 y en quienes, además, se completó al menos 90% de la información requerida en un formulario prediseñado. Durante la investigación, se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, las indicaciones de cirugía, el porcentaje de laparoconversión y las causas de la misma, el tiempo quirúrgico, la pérdida sanguínea estimada, el tiempo de hospitalización, el número de dosis de analgésicos requeridos, los días de incapacidad y las complicaciones intraoperatorias y postoperatorias. Resultados: en total se incluyeron 837 pacientes, cuya edad promedio fue 42,7 años. 83,8% de las mujeres eran ASA I (American Society of Anesthesiologists) y la principal enfermedad de base fue la hipertensión arterial (9,9%). En 822 de ellas, el procedimiento se llevó a cabo por laparoscopia mientras que 15 (1,7%) requirieron laparoconversión. Las indicaciones más frecuentes para la cirugía fueron miomatosis (43,8%) y hemorragia uterina anormal (36,1%). Adicional a esto, el tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 85,9 minutos, la pérdida sanguínea media fue de 60,6 mL y la tasa total decomplicaciones llegó a ser 12,5%; de lacuales, 3,1% lo constituyeron complicaciones mayores. Conclusiones: la tasa de complicaciones de la histerectomía laparoscópica total es similar a la informada en la literatura y está acompañada de una estancia hospitalaria breve.

Objective: describing accumulated experience gained from performing Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) at the Clínica del Prado. Methodology: this was a descriptive, retrospective study (evidence level III) which involved patients who underwent TLH in the Gynaecological Endoscopic Unit at Clínica del Prado, Medellín, Colombia. 1,150 medical records from patients operated on between December 2002 and April 2008 were reviewed; those in which at least 90% of the data required by a predesigned instrument could be recovered were included for analysis. Main outcomes measured: demographic data, surgical indication, laparoconversion rate and causes, surgical time, estimated blood loss, uterine weight and height, time of hospital stay and complications. Results: 837 patients were included; TLH was entirely performed on 822 of them by laparoscopy whilst 15 (1.7%) required laparoconversion. The most frequent indications for surgery were fibroids (43.8%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (36.1%). Mean age was 42.7. 83.8% of the patients were ASA I (American Society of Anesthesiologists); the main comorbidity found was hypertension (9.9%). Mean surgical time was 85.9 minutes; mean estimated blood loss was 60.6 mL. The commonest histological diagnosis was fibroids (57.1%). Mean uterine weight was 180 grams and mean uterine height 10.2 cm. Complications affected 12.5% of the 837 patients, 3.1% of them being major ones.

Single port transumbilical total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH): initial experience in Korea / 대한산부인과학회지

Single port access surgery can be the next generation of minimally invasive surgery. It has been tried in various diseases of surgery, urology, and gynecology. It was introduced in Korea and its field is widening. Total hysterectomy is the most common operation in gynecology. However, single port total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) had been hardly performed due to technical difficulties. Author has successfully performed single port transumbilical TLH and right adnexectomy in a patient who had adenomyosis, uterine myoma, and right ovarian serous cystadenoma. One laparoscope and 2 instruments were inserted in 3 cannulas of the port that was made up with a wound retractor and a surgical glove. Laparoscopic suturing was done after total hysterectomy and right adnexectomy. During the operation, only commonly used laparoscopic instruments (straight and rigid) were used. All the procedures were completed without any complications and there were neither postoperative complications nor visible scars. Author reports the first single port transumbilical TLH case in Korea that showed satisfying results.

The clinical studies on 600 cases of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of total laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: Clinical data about 600 cases who received TLH were collected and the hospital stay, operation time and complication were evaluated. RESULTS: The most common indications for TLH were uterine myomas, adenomyosis, severe endometriosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Mean operating time was 90 minutes (range 35-200 min) and hospital stay was 3 days (range 2 days-10 days). The most important factors for the surgery time were uterine size, assistant's skill and presence of adhesions (obliteration of the cul-de-sac due to severe pelvic endometriosis). Several techniques were used, including bipolar coagulation of the ovarian and uterine vessels, and suture of the stump. A special uterine manipulator (RUMITM uterine manipulator with colpotomizer and pneumooccluder balloon) used in all procedures aided in anatomic definition and performing the circumferential colpotomy. We had two cases of ureteral obliteration by using bipolar coagulator, and 3 cases of bladder injuries during operation which was diagnosed and immediately repaired laparoscopically. We had two cases of ureterovaginal fistula, two cases of postoperative ileus and one case of bowel perforation. But there were no cases of death, thrombophlebitis or other pulmonary complications. CONCLUSIONS: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy can be performed safely and effectively when the surgical team is sufficiently trained. And we believe that total laparoscopic hysterectomy offers benefits to the patients in the form of less post-operative pain, shorter time in hospital.

A Comparative Study of Total Lapaproscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) and Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results between total laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH) and total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). METHODS: 100 cases of TLH and 95 cases of TAH, which were performed at Pocheon CHA university from January 2001 to September 2004. We analyzed the results with regard to patient's characteristics (age, parity), uterine weight, operative time, blood loss, hospital stay and complications. RESULTS: There were no differences in terms of patient's age, parity, main operative indication and total operating time between the 2 groups. The mean uterine weight of TAH group was larger than TLH (291 +/- 239 gm for TLH, 404 +/- 174 gm for TAH, p<.05) group. The estimated blood loss was significantly lower for TLH (239.00 +/- 155.63 mL) than for TAH (333.68 +/- 228.4 mL) (p<.05). The length of hospital day was significantly shorter for TLH (6.78 +/- 1.70 day) than for TAH (7.39 +/- 1.49 day) (p<.05). Post-operative complications in the TLH group were dysuria in 2 cases, major hemorrhage requiring transfusion in 4 cases, trocar site hematoma in 1 case and bowel injury in 1 case. Post-operative complications In the TAH group were major hemorrhage requiring transfusion in 7 cases, wound infection in 3 cases and bowel injury in one case. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that, given adequate training in laparoscopic surgery, TLH may replace TAH in most patients who require a hysterectomy, showing clear advantages of shorter hospitalization and the acceptable complication rate.